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The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are anonymous, forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation and potential vote buying. The system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Secret ballots are used for many different voting systems. The most basic form may be blank pieces of paper, upon which each voter writes only his or her choice. Without revealing the votes to anyone, the voter would fold the ballot paper and place it into a sealed box, which is emptied later for counting. An aspect of secret voting is the provision of a voting booth to enable the voter to write on the ballot paper without others being able to see what is being written. Today, one of the most common forms of the secret ballot involves printed ballot papers with the name of the candidates or questions and respective checkboxes. Provisions are made at the polling place for the voters to record their preferences in secret. The ballots are designed to eliminate bias and to prevent anyone from linking voter to ballot. A problem of privacy arises with moves to improve efficiency of voting by the introduction of postal voting and electronic voting. Some countries permit proxy voting, which some argue is inconsistent with voting privacy. ==History== In ancient Greece, secret ballots were used in several situations,〔Saalfeld, Thomas. 1995. On Dogs and Whips: Recorded Votes. In: Herbert Döring. Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1995. Page 531〕 like ostracism, and also to remain hidden from people seeking favors. In ancient Rome, the laws regulating elections were collectively known as ''Tabellariae Leges'', the first of which was introduced in 139 BC (''Lex Gabinia tabellaria'').〔(Tabellariae Leges ). William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875.〕 Today the practice of casting secret ballots is so commonplace that most voters would not consider that any other method might be used. Other methods which had been used and which are still used in some places and contexts include "oral votes", public display of votes and roll calls. Other public voting methods include raising a hand to indicate a vote, or the use of coloured marbles or cards to indicate a voting choice. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「secret ballot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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